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Endogenous retroviruses: potential etiologic agents in autoimmunity
A M Krieg1, M F Gourley, A Perl
1Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.
Summary
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are expressed in humans and can impact the immune system. This review explores their potential role in causing autoimmune diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Virology
Background:
- Human genomes contain thousands of endogenous retroviruses (ERV), remnants of ancient viral infections.
- While most ERVs are non-infectious, some retain the ability to produce proteins and RNA.
- Recent research indicates that ERV expression has significant immunological effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the known and potential immunological effects of ERV expression.
- To investigate the possible role of ERVs in the pathogenesis of idiopathic autoimmune diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ERV expression and immune responses.
- Analysis of the link between ERV immunologic effects and autoimmune disease mechanisms.
Main Results:
- ERV-derived RNA and proteins are expressed in various species, including humans.
- Emerging evidence suggests ERVs can elicit notable immune responses.
- Despite failed attempts to link infectious retroviruses to autoimmune diseases, the role of ERVs remains under-explored.
Conclusions:
- ERV expression has demonstrable immunological effects.
- ERVs represent a potential contributing factor to idiopathic autoimmune diseases.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the connection between ERVs and autoimmunity.