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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
Published on: March 14, 2011
The evolving crosstalk between co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors: HVEM-BTLA
1Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. mick@liai.org
Abstract:
Receptors and their ligands on T cells and antigen-presenting cells are crucial for delivering inhibitory or stimulatory signals that enable immune cells to remain dormant or to respond effectively to various stimuli. The CD28-B7 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-TNF superfamilies contain many of these molecules and were thought to be distinct functioning modules. However, two studies have now provided a new perspective in this already complex area, showing not only a crosstalk between these superfamilies but potentially between co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
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