Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unified inactivation-mineralization: An engineered bacterial platform for synergistic radio-immunotherapy.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

The modulatory effects of facial cues and familiarity in face recognition: a behavioral and eye-tracking investigation.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Advancements in Dual-Load Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Challenges with Quality Analysis.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Comment on: Hyperlipidemia-induced lipotoxicity and immune activation in rats are prevented by curcumin and rutin.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

The mechanisms of myricetin and quercetin in regulating miRNA-140 and MMP/TIMP signaling pathway in osteoarthritis treatment.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same author

Prospective Multicenter Observational Study of Anlotinib in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence From China.

Thoracic cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Relationship between plasma HDL subclasses distribution and apoA-I gene polymorphisms.

Lianqun Jia1, Huai Bai, Mingde Fu

  • 1Apolipoprotein Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|June 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Apolipoprotein A-I gene polymorphism impacts HDL subclasses, potentially affecting reverse cholesterol transport and HDL maturation. This G/A mutation may lead to smaller HDL particles, suggesting a weakened ability to remove cholesterol.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
07:08

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

Published on: September 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
07:08

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

Published on: September 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, particularly their subclasses, play a crucial role in lipid metabolism and the atherogenic process.
  • Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is a key structural component of HDL, influencing its function and metabolism.
  • Alterations in HDL subclass distribution are potentially linked to atherosclerosis development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apolipoprotein A-I gene polymorphisms and the distribution of HDL subclasses.
  • To explore the impact of these genetic variations on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels.
  • To determine potential gender-specific differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of apoA-I gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP in 307 Chinese subjects.
  • Quantification of apoA-I content in various HDL subclasses via 2D gel electrophoresis and immunodetection.
  • Assessment of plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations.

Main Results:

  • The G/A polymorphism at -78 bp of the apoA-I gene was significantly associated with altered HDL subclass distribution.
  • Carriers of the G/A and A/A genotypes exhibited higher plasma triglyceride and apoC-II/apoC-III levels, with specific changes in apoA-I content within HDL subclasses (e.g., prebeta(1)-HDL, HDL(3a)).
  • Females showed distinct patterns in HDL subclasses and lipid profiles compared to males, even within the same genotype.

Conclusions:

  • The G/A polymorphism in the apoA-I gene influences HDL subclass distribution, potentially leading to a shift towards smaller HDL particles.
  • This shift suggests a possible impairment in reverse cholesterol transport and abnormal HDL maturation.
  • The findings highlight the role of apoA-I genetics in modulating HDL metabolism and its implications for cardiovascular health.