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Nontemplate-dependent polymerization processes: polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases as a paradigm.

Joanne Stubbe1, Jiamin Tian, Aimin He

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. stubbe@mit.edu

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|June 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This review explores nontemplate-dependent polymerases, enzymes that create insoluble polymers from soluble substrates. It highlights polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases, crucial for biodegradable polymer production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Nontemplate-dependent polymerases synthesize insoluble polymers from soluble substrates, forming cellular granules.
  • Existing knowledge covers starch synthases, polyphosphate kinase, cyanophycin synthases, and rubber synthases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nontemplate-dependent polymerases, focusing on mechanisms of polymer formation, remodeling, and reutilization.
  • To detail polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases and their role in producing biodegradable polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of polymerization mechanisms.
  • Analysis of enzyme functions in polymer synthesis and degradation.

Main Results:

  • Summarizes initiation, elongation, termination, and remodeling processes for various polymerases.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Details PHA synthases' role in generating biodegradable polyoxoesters.
  • Reviews in vitro and in vivo PHA production and utilization.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nontemplate-dependent polymerizations share general governing principles.
    • PHA synthases are key enzymes for biodegradable polymer synthesis and have significant biotechnological potential.