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Selenium deficiency: report of a case.

T Kanekura1, S Yotsumoto, N Maeno

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan. takurok@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|June 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Selenium deficiency in an infant caused severe skin issues and cardiomyopathy. Supplementation with sodium selenite effectively treated the skin symptoms, highlighting the importance of this trace element.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Parenteral nutrition (PN) can lead to micronutrient deficiencies.
  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for various physiological functions.
  • Juvenile polyposis necessitated long-term PN in this pediatric patient.

Observation:

  • An 18-month-old Japanese boy presented with characteristic skin findings: dry, erythematous changes, erosions, and sparse, light-colored hair.
  • Serum selenium levels were critically low (<2.0 microg/dL) during PN.
  • The patient also exhibited cardiomyopathy, a known complication of selenium deficiency.

Findings:

  • Skin lesions showed significant improvement with sodium selenite supplementation.
  • Clinical presentation mimicked zinc deficiency, emphasizing the diagnostic challenge of trace element imbalances.

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  • Diagnosis of selenium deficiency was supported by clinical signs, low serum levels, and literature review.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the risk of selenium deficiency in patients on long-term PN.
    • Early recognition and management of selenium deficiency are vital to prevent severe dermatological and cardiac complications.
    • Highlights the importance of monitoring trace element status in pediatric patients receiving specialized nutrition support.