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[Poisoning at a polyvalent intensive care unit].

R Moreno1, H Estrada, J Sá

  • 1Unidade de Urgência Médica, Hospital de São José, Lisboa.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Acute poisoning admissions decreased over four years, with central nervous system drugs and organophosphate insecticides being common causes. Non-drug intoxications had a higher mortality rate than drug overdoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • A multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit (ICU) analyzed 1340 admissions for acute poisoning between 1986 and 1989.
  • The study differentiated between drug overdoses (666 patients) and non-drug intoxications (674 patients).
  • Central nervous system (CNS) acting drugs were the most frequent cause of drug overdoses, while organophosphate insecticides predominated in non-drug intoxications.

Purpose:

  • To analyze trends in acute poisoning admissions to an ICU.
  • To identify common causes, patient demographics, and outcomes of acute poisonings.
  • To evaluate therapeutic interventions and mortality rates associated with different types of intoxication.

Summary:

  • A decline in both absolute and relative admissions for acute poisoning was observed over the four-year period.
  • Male patients constituted a significant majority (698), with a statistically significant difference in intoxication type by sex.
  • The mean age was approximately 40 years, with peak incidence from March to October. Non-drug intoxications resulted in longer ICU stays and higher mortality (23.0%) compared to drug overdoses (4.4%).
  • Key therapeutic measures included mechanical ventilation (29.5%), total parenteral nutrition (18.5%), and dialysis (2.9%).

Impact:

  • Highlights a decreasing trend in acute poisoning admissions, suggesting potential public health or preventative measure impacts.
  • Identifies specific high-risk groups and common toxic agents, informing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Demonstrates significant differences in ICU resource utilization and mortality between drug overdoses and non-drug intoxications, guiding ICU management and resource allocation.

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