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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

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Dynamic EGFR-Ras signalling in Drosophila leg development.

M I Galindo1, S A Bishop, J P Couso

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|June 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling in Drosophila leg development involves two distinct phases. The first establishes distal leg fates, while the second refines segment-specific structures like joints and sensory organs.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Published on: June 15, 2017

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Long-Term Live Imaging of Drosophila Pupal Leg Development After Puparium Removal
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Long-Term Live Imaging of Drosophila Pupal Leg Development After Puparium Removal

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling is crucial for various developmental processes, including Drosophila oogenesis and differentiation.
  • In Drosophila leg development, EGFR-Ras signaling is known to establish distal leg fates in a graded manner.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of EGFR-Ras signaling activators and effectors in Drosophila leg development.
  • To elucidate the precise roles of EGFR-Ras signaling in distal leg patterning and identify further functions.
  • To understand the temporal dynamics of EGFR-Ras signaling during leg morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of expression patterns of signaling pathway components.
  • Genetic analysis using mutant conditions for EGFR-Ras pathway members.
  • Transgene expression studies to track pathway activity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests two distinct rounds of EGFR-Ras signaling during leg development.
  • The first wave involves the EGFR ligand Vein, potentially supported by a Rhomboid-activated ligand, for distal leg patterning.
  • A second wave, occurring after proximal-distal fate specification, involves EGFR/Ras activation within segments to regulate joint, tendon, and sensory organ development, relying on a Rhomboid-activated ligand.

Conclusions:

  • EGFR-Ras signaling operates in at least two distinct temporal phases during Drosophila leg development.
  • The pathway plays critical roles in both initial distal leg fate establishment and later, segment-specific organogenesis.
  • Rhomboid-mediated activation of ligands is important for both early and late signaling events.