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HIV-1 envelope evolution and vaccine efficacy.

D E Mosier1

  • 1Department of Immunology (IMM7), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dmosier@scripps.edu

Current Drug Targets. Infectious Disorders
|June 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Early HIV-1 variants selected by neutralizing antibodies may evolve resistance. However, vaccination may still reduce viral load and set point during primary infection, impacting long-term disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission selects for specific envelope variants.
  • These early variants utilize CCR5, bind it differently, and have shorter variable regions and fewer glycosylation sites than later strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of early antibody selection pressure on HIV-1 evolution and disease progression.
  • To determine if HIV-1 can rapidly escape vaccine-induced antibody responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HIV-1 envelope properties selected during early transmission.
  • Review of recent reports on HIV-1 evolution and antibody escape.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 rapidly evolves to escape antibody selection with minimal loss of entry fitness.

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  • Early selection pressure from neutralizing antibodies may not prevent viral escape.

    • Conclusions:

    • Vaccine-induced antibody responses may be less impactful due to viral evolution.
    • Durable vaccine effects are predicted to manifest as reduced peak viremia and viral set point.