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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System
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Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System

Published on: January 31, 2018

Anthrax vaccines.

Miroslav Splino1, Jiri Patocka, Roman Prymula

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Annals of Saudi Medicine
|June 28, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthrax vaccines, including AVA, AVP, and STI, protect against Bacillus anthracis infection but can cause local and general reactogenicity. Research is ongoing for new second-generation anthrax vaccines.

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Published on: January 31, 2018

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Anthrax is an uncommon human disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
  • Inhalation anthrax poses a significant risk, necessitating vaccination.
  • Current vaccines like AVA, AVP, and STI have varying schedules and reactogenicity profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current anthrax vaccines and their characteristics.
  • To highlight the reactogenicity of existing vaccines.
  • To introduce ongoing research into next-generation anthrax vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on anthrax vaccines.
  • Analysis of vaccination schedules and efficacy.
  • Discussion of vaccine reactogenicity and adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) requires 3-6 doses for immunity.
  • Anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) needs a booster at 6 and 12 months.
  • Live spore vaccine (STI) uses a two-dose schedule.
  • Current vaccines exhibit local and general reactogenicity in about 1% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Existing anthrax vaccines provide protection but have notable reactogenicity.
  • Booster schedules are crucial for maintaining immunity with some vaccines.
  • New recombinant vaccines are under development to improve safety and efficacy.