Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

[Botulinum toxin--interventional neuropediatrics in spastic movement disorders in childhood]

Steffen Berweck1, Florian Heinen

  • 1Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Duisburg, Wedau Klinikin, Duisburg. berweck@childbrain.de

Kinderkrankenschwester : Organ Der Sektion Kinderkrankenpflege
|June 30, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Botulinum toxin A (BTX) effectively treats childhood spastic movement disorders, improving motor skills and brace tolerance. This review clarifies proven versus suspected clinical uses for BTX in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Botulinum toxin A (BTX) is a key therapeutic agent for pediatric spastic movement disorders.
  • Extensive clinical experience and trials support the safety and local efficacy of BTX in children.
  • Current applications aim to improve daily care, orthotic device tolerance, and motor function.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate established clinical indications for BTX in pediatric spasticity from those requiring further investigation.
  • To provide a clear overview of the evidence base for BTX use in childhood neurological conditions.

Summary:

  • BTX demonstrates well-documented safety and efficacy in treating spastic movement disorders in children.
  • Proven indications include enhancing care facilitation, improving orthotic tolerance, and enhancing motor abilities.
  • The article distinguishes between BTX applications with robust evidence and those with suspected or unclear effectiveness.

Impact:

  • Provides clinicians with evidence-based guidance for utilizing BTX in pediatric spasticity management.
  • Aids in optimizing treatment strategies for children with movement disorders.
  • Highlights areas for future research to clarify the efficacy of BTX in less-established indications.

More Related Videos

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy08:24

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 11, 2023

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...