[Semaphorins and cancers : an up 'dating']

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Cancer Research
• Neuroscience

Context:

• Semaphorins, initially identified as axon guidance molecules, are vital in neural development, angiogenesis, and immune responses.
• The discovery of SEMA3B and SEMA3F in the 3p21.3 region, a site linked to tumor suppressor genes, initiated investigations into semaphorins' role in cancer.
• Frequent loss of heterozygosity in lung and breast cancer at this locus underscored the potential involvement of semaphorin genes in tumorigenesis.

Purpose:

• To review and synthesize recent findings on the involvement of semaphorins in various types of cancer.
• To explore the complex and often opposing roles of different semaphorins in tumor progression and suppression.
• To consolidate current knowledge on semaphorin involvement in oncological processes for researchers and clinicians.

Summary:

• Semaphorins exhibit diverse functions in cancer, with some acting as pro-tumoral factors, enhancing tumor growth and spread.
• Conversely, other semaphorins demonstrate tumor-suppressive activities, potentially inhibiting cancer development or progression.
• The review consolidates recent data illustrating the multifaceted roles of semaphorins across different cancer contexts.

Impact:

• Understanding the dual role of semaphorins in cancer provides critical insights into tumor biology.
• This knowledge may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting semaphorin pathways for cancer treatment.
• Highlights potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis based on semaphorin expression levels.