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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
[Reinfection of tuberculosis in HIV-negative persons]
1Department of Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA, 3-1-24, Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan. ito@jata.or.jp
Abstract:
To clarify our knowledge about exogenous reinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-negative persons, we review the literatures on this issue as much as possible, and we deduce the following; 1) Risk of exogenous reinfection may be not rare in itself, but quantifiably determined by host factor, bacilli factor and intensity of exposure. 2) Generally, when already-infected persons are exposed to exogenous reinfection Mycobacterium tuberculosis, risk of disease due to the exposure is definitely lower than not-already-infected persons (estimated relative risk: 8.5%). But the protection rate can be similar with that of BCG vaccination under most favorable condition. 3) It cannot be concluded definitely that the tuberculosis disease in already-infected persons is almost always due to endogenous reactivation.
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