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Cyclooxygenase-2: how good is it as a target for cancer chemoprevention?

Mark A Hull1

  • 1Molecular Medicine Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. m.a.hull@leeds.ac.uk

European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
|July 9, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Selective COX-2 inhibitors show promise for cancer chemoprevention, but concerns about toxicity and COX-1

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) prostaglandin signaling is implicated in carcinogenesis.
  • Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were explored for cancer chemoprevention.
  • Concerns about coxib toxicity and COX-1's role in cancer have emerged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits and risks of coxib therapy for cancer chemoprevention.
  • To discuss alternative strategies for inhibiting COX-prostaglandin signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on coxib efficacy and toxicity.
  • Analysis of rodent tumorigenesis models, human trials, and epidemiological studies.
  • Exploration of alternative COX-PG signaling inhibition strategies.

Main Results:

  • Coxibs demonstrate preventive efficacy in rodent models.
  • Limited human data from small trials and epidemiological studies exist.
  • Significant cardiovascular and renal toxicity risks are associated with coxibs.

Conclusions:

  • COX-2 inhibition presents a complex chemoprevention strategy due to efficacy and toxicity.
  • Alternative approaches to COX-PG signaling inhibition are needed to mitigate risks.
  • Further research is required to balance benefits and risks for safe chemoprevention.

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