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Strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Hussam Abuissa1, David S H Bel, James H O'keefe
1Mid America Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Consultants, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA. abuissah@umkc.edu
Current Medical Research and Opinion
|July 12, 2005
Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a growing epidemic. Lifestyle changes and certain medications, like ACE inhibitors and ARBs, show promise in preventing diabetes, especially in high-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health concern with rising prevalence.
- T2DM is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes, equivalent to established coronary disease.
- Risk factors include metabolic syndrome, obesity, and hypertension, but T2DM is preventable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review trials demonstrating the prevention of T2DM.
- To discuss potential mechanisms by which medications prevent T2DM.
- To explore preventive strategies for pre-diabetic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of large randomized controlled studies on diet and exercise.
- Analysis of randomized trials of oral anti-diabetic agents (metformin, acarbose, troglitazone) in impaired glucose tolerance.
- Examination of prospective studies on anti-hypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, ARBs) and T2DM development.
Main Results:
- Diet and exercise interventions consistently reduce diabetes incidence.
- Oral anti-diabetic agents reduced new-onset diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
- Anti-hypertensive medications, particularly ACE inhibitors and ARBs, were associated with reduced T2DM development.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle modifications are effective in preventing T2DM.
- Pharmacological agents, including oral anti-diabetics and certain anti-hypertensives, show potential in T2DM prevention.
- These findings suggest novel preventive strategies for individuals with pre-diabetic conditions and risk factors.