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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Chain Reactions01:29

Chain Reactions

Chain reactions involve highly reactive transient species, such as atoms or free radicals, as intermediates. These intermediates facilitate rapid reactions over an extended period. The process includes a series of steps: a reactive intermediate is consumed, reactants are converted to products, and the intermediate is regenerated. This cycle enables continuous repetition, amplifying the production of products with a small amount of intermediate. Chain reactions often utilize free radicals as...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
10:39

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Chiral oligomers by iterative tandem catalysis.

Bart A C van As1, Jeroen van Buijtenen, Andreas Heise

  • 1Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 14, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces iterative tandem catalysis, combining enzymatic and ruthenium-catalyzed reactions. This novel approach successfully synthesizes chiral macromolecules from racemic monomers, paving the way for enantiopure polyesters.

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Chiral macromolecules are essential in various fields, but their synthesis from racemic or prochiral monomers remains challenging.
  • Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization is a powerful tool for polymer synthesis, but often limited by monomer chirality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and efficient method for synthesizing chiral macromolecules.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional enzymatic polymerization using racemic monomers.
  • To establish a novel route towards enantiopure polyesters.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative tandem catalysis combining lipase-catalyzed ring-opening of omega-substituted lactones with ruthenium-catalyzed racemization.
  • A two-pot system was employed for the synthesis of enantioenriched oligomers.
  • A one-pot experiment was explored to streamline the process.

Main Results:

  • Enantioenriched oligomers of 6-methyl-epsilon-caprolactone were successfully synthesized.
  • The combination of enzymatic and racemization catalysis enabled the production of chiral polymers from racemic monomers.
  • The one-pot approach demonstrated significant promise for developing a novel route to enantiopure polyesters.

Conclusions:

  • Iterative tandem catalysis is a versatile strategy for creating chiral macromolecules.
  • This method expands the scope of enzymatic polymerization to include racemic and prochiral monomers.
  • The developed approach offers a promising pathway for the efficient synthesis of enantiopure polyesters.