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[The primary care paediatrician in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An approach involving a population
M C García-Jiménez1, J López-Pisón, M M Blasco-Arellano
1Atención Primaria Centro de Salud de Buñuel, Buñuel, Navarra, Spain. inma-garcia@vodafone.es
Insights
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly impacts academic achievement in children. Early diagnosis and intervention by primary care pediatricians are crucial for managing ADHD and improving educational outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Child Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Increasing demand for diagnosing learning and behavioral disorders in children.
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent and challenging diagnosis.
- Highlights the critical role of primary care pediatricians in ADHD screening and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and impact of ADHD in school-aged children.
- To evaluate the diagnostic criteria and effectiveness of screening tools for ADHD.
- To assess the academic consequences of ADHD in a defined population.
Main Methods:
- Population study in children aged 6-12 years in Buñuel and Cortes, Spain.
- Utilized the Conners test (ADHS) and DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis.
- Included school grades and psychopedagogic/mental health evaluations for associated problems.
Main Results:
- Prevalence, sex distribution, and ADHD types align with existing literature.
- Statistically significant decline in academic achievement observed in children meeting ADHD and ADHS criteria.
- 55% of ADHD children transitioning academic cycles repeated a year, showing significant differences.
Conclusions:
- Primary care pediatricians must actively engage in diagnosing and treating children with ADHD.
- Emphasizes the need for collaboration with specialized services in diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
- Underscores the profound impact of ADHD on academic success and the importance of early intervention.
Introduction:
There is a growing demand for diagnoses of children with learning problems and/or behavioural disorders in visits to paediatric and neuropaediatric units. One of the most frequent causes of this situation is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has a high rate of incidence and is difficult to diagnose. The role of the Primary Care paediatrician in its screening and intervention is considered.
Subjects And Methods:
A population study was conducted in children between 6 and 12 years of age who attend schools in the Navarrese towns of Buñuel and Cortes. Conners test--modified and adapted by Farre and Narbona--(ADHS) and DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) diagnostic criteria were used in their evaluation and diagnosis. School grades were also taken into account. In the group of ADHD children, a psychopedagogic and Mental Health evaluation were carried out if there were associated behavioural problems.
Results:
Findings as regards prevalence, sex and types of ADHD were in line with those in the literature. A statistically significant drop in academic achievement was noted both in children who satisfied ADHD criteria and in those who only met ADHS criteria. 55% of ADHD children who were changing from one academic cycle to another had to repeat their year at school and showed statistically significant differences as compared to the other groups.
Conclusions:
The primary care paediatrician must be committed to the diagnosis and treatment of these children without neglecting their evaluation by the different services involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
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