The function of the equine carpal joint: a review

Area of Science:

• Equine biomechanics and anatomy.
• Orthopedic research in animal science.

Background:

• Published theories on equine carpal joint function focus on elasticity and extension limits.
• Experimental evidence supporting these theories is often limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the mechanical function of the equine carpal joint under compression.
• To elucidate the roles of intercarpal ligaments and stop facets in joint stability.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of compression stress absorption by intercarpal ligaments.
• Examination of the mechanism preventing overextension via stop facets and stay apparatus.

Main Results:

• Intercarpal ligaments absorb compression stress through a wedge action, separating carpal bones.
• Dorsal stop facets and the stay apparatus effectively prevent carpal overextension.

Conclusions:

• The equine carpal joint utilizes ligamentous elasticity and bony structures for load-bearing and stability.
• Experimental findings support the proposed mechanisms of carpal joint function in horses.