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Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
[Clinical pharmacology of analgesics: outlook and risks]
1Institut für experimentelle und klinische Pharmakologie, Universität Graz, Osterreich. eckhard.beubler@meduni-graz.at
Abstract:
Despite that many drugs are available for pain treatment, many patients are still suffering because of wrong choice or wrong use of analgesics. Both are determined by the degree and the nature of pain to be treated. Non-opioid drugs, especially COX-2-inhibitors are extensively evaluated. If treatment with these drugs is not sufficient, opioids have to be used. Their efficiency is outstanding and their side effects are appropriate. However, doctors and nurses are still reluctant to use opioids because of overestimation of respiratory depression and addiction.
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