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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure: does bubbling improve gas exchange?
C J Morley1, R Lau, A De Paoli
1Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia. colin.morley@wch.org.au
Abstract:
In a randomised crossover trial, 26 babies, treated with Hudson prong continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from a bubbling bottle, received vigorous, high amplitude, or slow bubbling for 30 minutes. Pulse oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate were recorded. The bubbling rates had no effect on carbon dioxide, oxygenation, or respiratory rate.
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