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Error in chess: the apperception-restructuring view.
1University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology, Finland.
Psychological Research
|January 1, 1992
Summary
Cognitive errors in chess stem from more than just working-memory limits. Apperceptive mechanisms, controlling information intake, are crucial for chess players to avoid errors and find solutions.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Expert Performance
Background:
- Chess players' cognitive errors are a complex phenomenon.
- Existing explanations often focus on working-memory limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying errors in chess players.
- To explore the role of apperceptive processes in chess problem-solving.
Main Methods:
- Protocol-analysis of five experiments involving tactical, endgame, and strategic chess positions.
- Analysis of cognitive errors during chess play.
Main Results:
- Working-memory overload partially explains chess errors, but is often insufficient.
- Apperceptive mechanisms, controlling information intake, play a significant role.
- Failure to identify correct problem spaces or missing crucial cues leads to errors.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive errors in chess require consideration of both working-memory and apperceptive mechanisms.
- Apperceptive failures can hinder information selection, making solutions less likely.