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Immunologic disorders in neonatal foals.

Steeve Giguère1, Amy C Polkes

  • 1Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. gigueres@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|July 30, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Foals possess robust innate and adaptive immunity to fight pathogens, but immunologic disorders are common in young horses. This review covers equine neonatal immunity and related disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Neonatal Equine Health

Background:

  • Foals are born into a pathogen-rich environment, necessitating effective immune defenses.
  • Innate immunity provides rapid, non-specific defense, while adaptive immunity offers specific, memory-based protection.
  • Equine neonatal and fetal immune systems are crucial for survival but are prone to disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current knowledge of the equine fetal and neonatal immune system.
  • To review common immunodeficiency disorders in foals.
  • To discuss disorders arising from allogenic incompatibilities in foals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on equine neonatal immunology.
  • Synthesis of information on innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in foals.

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  • Analysis of reported immunodeficiency and allogenic incompatibility disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • Foals develop both innate and adaptive immune responses to combat infections.
    • Immunologic disorders are more prevalent in foals than adult horses.
    • Specific conditions include primary immunodeficiencies and issues related to mismatched blood types.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding equine neonatal immunity is vital for foal health.
    • Early identification and management of immunologic disorders can improve foal survival rates.
    • Further research into equine fetal and neonatal immune system development is warranted.