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Related Experiment Videos

Retrieval and the extinction of memory.

Martín Cammarota1, Lia R M Bevilaqua, Daniela M Barros

  • 1Centro de Memória, IPB, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690-2. Andar, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|August 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Retrieving a memory, like in one-trial avoidance (IA) tasks, initiates extinction. This process, crucial for fear memory extinction, involves new learning during non-reinforced memory expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory retrieval is often assessed by presenting a conditioned stimulus (CS) alone.
  • However, CS-alone presentation can lead to memory extinction.
  • One-trial avoidance (IA) is a conditioned fear paradigm where the CS signifies safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between memory retrieval and extinction in the one-trial avoidance (IA) task.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying extinction and its dependence on retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a one-trial avoidance (IA) fear conditioning paradigm.
  • Measured memory retrieval by assessing the latency to step-down from a safe platform in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (footshock).

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  • Administered pharmacological agents (PKA, ERK, protein synthesis inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists) to the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala during the first test session.

    • Main Results:

    • Extinction of the IA response begins during the first non-reinforced test session.
    • Pharmacological agents targeting molecular systems like PKA, ERK, protein synthesis, and NMDA receptors interfere with extinction when administered during the initial test session.
    • These molecular systems are partially shared between retrieval and extinction processes.

    Conclusions:

    • Memory retrieval is a necessary precursor for the generation of extinction.
    • Extinction represents a new form of learning that occurs secondary to the non-reinforced expression of the original memory trace.
    • The findings support a model where retrieval triggers extinction, highlighting distinct yet overlapping molecular pathways.