Selected rare, noninfectious syndromes associated with HIV infection

Infrequent and sometimes treatable noninfectious syndromes associated with HIV disease include tenofovir-associated Fanconi syndrome, a proximal renal tubular disorder; pulmonary hypertension that appears to be due to HIV-driven inflammation resulting in endothelial proliferation; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, characterized by intravascular coagulopathy; diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, which can affect multiple organs; and Castleman's disease, a lymphoproliferative disorder that usually occurs in a multicentric form with poor prognosis in HIV-infected patients. This article summarizes a presentation on the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these disorders by Molly E. Eaton, MD, at the International AIDS Society-USA course in Atlanta in March 2005.