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Dematiaceous fungi.

Sanjay G Revankar1

  • 1Dallas VA Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. sanjay.revankar@med.va.gov

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|August 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Dematiaceous fungi cause phaeohyphomycosis, presenting diverse human infections. Melanin in their cell walls contributes to virulence, necessitating tailored treatments like azoles for effective management.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Dematiaceous fungi are increasingly identified as human pathogens causing phaeohyphomycosis.
  • Infections range from localized traumatic to disseminated disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Pulmonary manifestations include both allergic and non-allergic syndromes, species-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical spectrum of phaeohyphomycosis.
  • To discuss the pathogenic mechanisms, focusing on melanin's role.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies and identify research needs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical cases and pathogenic studies.
  • Analysis of fungal cell wall composition and virulence factors.
  • Evaluation of antifungal susceptibility data and clinical treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Phaeohyphomycosis presents with varied clinical syndromes, from superficial to systemic infections.
  • Melanin in fungal cell walls is a key virulence factor, influencing pathogenicity.
  • Systemic infections are often refractory to treatment; azoles show consistent in vitro activity.

Conclusions:

  • Dematiaceous fungi pose a significant and growing threat in human infectious diseases.
  • Understanding melanin's role is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Further research is essential to improve treatment outcomes for phaeohyphomycosis.

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