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Nonequilibrium fluctuations in a resistor.

N Garnier1, S Ciliberto

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique, CNRS UMR 5672, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France. nicolas.garnier@ens-lyon.fr

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 11, 2005
PubMed
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This study demonstrates that fluctuation theorems (FT) are experimentally accessible in small electrical systems. These theorems can accurately measure dissipated power by analyzing probability density function symmetries.

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
  • Electrical systems

Background:

  • In small systems, energy fluctuations can be significant compared to average values.
  • The fluctuation-dissipation theorem relates fluctuations to dissipation in equilibrium systems.
  • Fluctuation theorems (FT) extend these concepts to non-equilibrium steady systems, describing probability density function (PDF) symmetries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally validate fluctuation theorems (FT) in a non-equilibrium system.
  • To demonstrate the utility of FT for measuring energy dissipation.
  • To investigate the application of FT in small electrical systems.

Main Methods:

  • An electrical dipole system was driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium using a constant current (I).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Probability density functions (PDFs) of energy fluctuations were analyzed.
  • Symmetry properties of the PDFs were studied to probe fluctuation theorems.

    • Main Results:

    • Experimental validation of fluctuation theorems (FT) in the driven electrical dipole system.
    • Demonstrated accessibility and validity of FT under non-equilibrium conditions.
    • Showcased the potential of FT for quantifying dissipated power (P = RI^2).

    Conclusions:

    • Fluctuation theorems are experimentally accessible and valid in small, driven electrical systems.
    • Studying PDF symmetries provides a novel method for measuring dissipated power.
    • FT offer a powerful tool for characterizing energy dissipation in non-equilibrium systems.