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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
Published on: April 11, 2014
Plasma line emission during single-bubble cavitation
David J Flannigan1, Kenneth S Suslick
1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
Abstract:
Emission lines from transitions between high-energy states of noble-gas atoms (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and ions (Ar(+), Kr(+), and Xe(+)) formed and excited during single-bubble cavitation in sulfuric acid are reported. The excited states responsible for these emission lines range 8.3 eV (for Xe) to 37.1 eV (for Ar(+)) above the respective ground states. Observation of emission lines allows for identification of intracavity species responsible for light emission; the populated energy levels indicate the plasma generated during cavitation is comprised of highly energetic particles.
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