Integration of natural behavior in housing systems

Area of Science:

• Animal Welfare Science
• Ethology
• Agricultural Engineering

Background:

• Natural behavior encompasses innate and motivated actions crucial for animal well-being.
• Hindering natural behaviors can lead to stress and abnormal behaviors in production animals.
• Understanding species-specific behaviors in natural or semi-natural environments is foundational.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline a methodology for integrating natural animal behavior into livestock housing design.
• To provide a framework for planning new or modifying existing housing systems.
• To ensure animal welfare by accommodating natural behaviors.

Main Methods:

• Gathering knowledge on species-specific behaviors in the wild or semi-natural settings.
• Identifying key stimuli and features essential for normal behavior.
• Iterative process: space reduction, pen development, scientific testing, modification, and large-scale functional testing.

Main Results:

• A systematic approach to incorporating natural behaviors into housing design is presented.
• Examples illustrate the application for calves during the milk period and sows around farrowing.
• The methodology emphasizes scientific testing and iterative modification for optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Integrating natural behavior is essential for designing effective and welfare-friendly livestock housing.
• The proposed methodology provides a structured approach for researchers and practitioners.
• Successful implementation requires a deep understanding of animal ethology and a rigorous design process.