Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

The motor cortex and the coding of force.

A P Georgopoulos1, J Ashe, N Smyrnis

  • 1Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 19, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal measurements of inhibitory cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Schizophrenia research. Cognition·2026
Same author

Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit.

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026
Same author

First Measurement of Missing Energy due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged-Current Interactions.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Investigation of liver-targeted peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) and its effect on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof of concept, phase 1 trial.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2023
Same author

Convolutional neural network propagation on electroencephalographic scalograms for detection of schizophrenia.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2022
Same author

The relation of integrated psychological therapy to resting state functional brain connectivity networks in patients with schizophrenia.

Psychiatry research·2021
Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Motor cortex cells show directional tuning related to net force, not self-generated force. This neural activity remained consistent despite changes in bias force, suggesting motor cortex encodes movement intention.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The motor cortex plays a crucial role in planning and executing voluntary movements.
  • Understanding how neural activity in the motor cortex represents force direction is key to deciphering motor control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between neuronal activity in the motor cortex and the direction of two-dimensional isometric force under dynamic conditions.
  • To dissociate and identify the specific force variables (subject-exerted force, net force, force change) that influence motor cortex cellular activity.

Main Methods:

  • Monkeys performed a task designed to dynamically dissociate three force variables.
  • Neuronal activity in the motor cortex was recorded during the task.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on the directional tuning of single cells and its invariance across different force conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Single motor cortex cells exhibited directional tuning.
    • This directional tuning was invariant to the direction of a bias force.
    • Cellular activity was not correlated with the direction of the subject-exerted force.
    • Cell activity showed strong correlation with the direction of net force, force change, and visually instructed direction.

    Conclusions:

    • Motor cortex cellular activity is related to the intended or resultant force direction, rather than the actively exerted force.
    • The findings suggest that motor cortex encodes movement parameters like net force direction, force change, or instructed direction, providing insights into neural representations of movement.