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Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit
A Coclici1, D Canu1, J Bretthauer2
1Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|February 23, 2026
Summary
Children with ADHD struggle with memory-guided saccades (MGS) and show trends of difficulty with anti-saccades (AS), impacting executive functions like working memory.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Executive functions, including working memory, are crucial for voluntary eye movement control.
- Neurodevelopmental disorders like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are associated with executive function impairments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate anti-saccades (AS) and memory-guided saccades (MGS) in children and adolescents with ADHD and neurotypical controls.
- To examine the relationship between AS and MGS performance in these groups.
Main Methods:
- Ocular-motor testing using the EyeLink 1000+ eye tracker.
- Recording of anti-saccades (AS) and memory-guided saccades (MGS) in 65 participants with ADHD and 74 neurotypical controls (ages 9.1-17.3 years).
Main Results:
- Participants with ADHD exhibited less accurate MGS with reduced spatial accuracy.
- A trend towards less accurate AS was observed in the ADHD group, with normal spatial accuracy.
- Significant correlations between AS and MGS spatial accuracies were found in both control and ADHD groups.
Conclusions:
- Spatial information storage in working memory, essential for MGS, appears impaired in ADHD.
- Spatial information processing, required for AS, remains largely intact in ADHD.
- The relationship between working memory storage and processing is intact in ADHD, despite storage deficits.
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