Invasive aspergillosis involving multiple paranasal sinuses--a case report

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Invasive paranasal sinus aspergillosis (IPSA) is a rare fungal infection.
• It typically affects immunocompromised individuals but can occur in immunocompetent hosts.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.

Observation:

• A young, immunocompetent woman presented with bilateral nasal obstruction.
• Nasal polyps were identified, raising suspicion for a fungal etiology.
• Radiological and histopathological examinations were performed.

Findings:

• Diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection was confirmed.
• Microscopic examination revealed characteristic acute angle branching septate hyphae.
• Fungal culture yielded Aspergillus fumigatus.

Implications:

• This case highlights IPSA as a differential diagnosis in immunocompetent patients with sinonasal symptoms.
• Aggressive surgical debridement combined with appropriate antifungal therapy (itraconazole) led to a favorable outcome.
• Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for successful treatment of invasive fungal sinusitis.