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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

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Biosensing using porous silicon double-layer interferometers: reflective interferometric Fourier transform

Claudia Pacholski¹, Marta Sartor, Michael J Sailor

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gillman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 18, 2005

Summary

This study introduces a chip-based interferometer for size-based biomolecule separation. It effectively detects proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA) even with high concentrations of other molecules.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biophysics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Interferometric biosensors offer sensitive detection methods.
On-chip reference channels are crucial for accurate measurements.
Separating biomolecules by size is essential for complex sample analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a chip-based double-beam interferometer for size-based biomolecule separation.
To create a biosensor capable of compensating for matrix composition changes.
To demonstrate selective detection of biomolecules using porous silicon layers.

Main Methods:

Utilized a double-layer porous silicon structure for on-chip reference and sample channels.
Analyzed reflectivity spectra using interference modeling and fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Investigated the penetration of small (sucrose) and large (bovine serum albumin - BSA) molecules into different pore sizes.

Main Results:

The interferometer successfully separated biomolecules based on size, with BSA entering only larger pores.
Biomolecule penetration into porous silicon layers was detected via shifts in FFT peaks.
BSA was accurately detected in a 100-fold excess of sucrose, demonstrating matrix compensation.

Conclusions:

The developed interferometric biosensor provides a robust platform for size-based biomolecule separation and detection.
The chip-based design with stacked reference and sample channels simplifies interferometric measurements.
FFT analysis of reflectivity spectra enables sensitive and selective detection of target biomolecules in complex mixtures.