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The human mast cell: an overview.

Guha Krishnaswamy1, Omar Ajitawi, David S Chi

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H Quillen VAMC and the Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 20, 2005
PubMed
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Mast cells, traditionally linked to allergies, are now understood to regulate inflammation and immunity. This review details their biology, function, and role in various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells historically associated with allergic reactions.
  • Emerging research highlights their broader roles in inflammation, host defense, and innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key aspects of mast cell biology.
  • To explore mast cell functions in both physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mast cell development, subsets, activation, and mediator release.
  • Analysis of mast cell involvement in various disease states and host defense mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells differentiate into subsets (MC(T) and MC(TC)) with distinct characteristics.

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  • Activation triggers release of mediators like histamine, cytokines, and chemokines, influencing inflammation.
  • Mast cells play roles in diseases including allergy, asthma, and arthritis, and in host defense via factors like tumor necrosis factor alpha.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mast cells are crucial multifunctional cells involved in immune responses.
    • Their diverse roles extend beyond allergy to encompass inflammation, immunity, and disease pathogenesis.
    • Understanding mast cell biology offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies.