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Animal cloning: problems and prospects.

D N Wells1

  • 1Reproductive Technologies Group, AgResearch Ruakura, East Street, PB 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|August 23, 2005
PubMed
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Animal cloning via nuclear transfer (NT) is inefficient, with high losses due to placental issues and epigenetic reprogramming errors. These errors appear non-heritable, offering potential for agricultural applications.

Area of Science:

  • Animal biotechnology
  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Nuclear transfer (NT) is a key animal cloning technique.
  • Current NT efficiency in cattle is low (around 6%), with significant losses during gestation, birth, and post-natally.
  • Placental dysfunction and abnormal gene expression are major issues, likely due to incomplete epigenetic reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the inefficiencies and challenges in current animal cloning technologies.
  • To explore the causes of developmental and health abnormalities in clones.
  • To assess the potential of NT for agricultural applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal cloning, nuclear transfer, and epigenetic reprogramming.
  • Analysis of reported inefficiencies and abnormalities in cloned animals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of the heritability of clone-associated phenotypes.

    • Main Results:

    • High rates of pregnancy loss and post-natal mortality in clones are linked to placental dysfunction.
    • Epigenetic reprogramming errors are implicated in clone abnormalities.
    • Clone-associated phenotypes appear to be non-heritable, suggesting epigenetic rather than genetic causes.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite inefficiencies, NT holds promise for agriculture, particularly for disseminating elite genetics.
    • Understanding epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for improving cloning efficiency and animal welfare.
    • Further research on clone health, food safety, and molecular reprogramming mechanisms is needed for regulatory and consumer acceptance.