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Canine hypophysectomy using a ventral paramedian approach.

Todd W Axlund1, Ellen N Behrend, Don C Sorjonen

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. axluntw@auburn.edu

Veterinary Surgery : VS
|August 24, 2005
PubMed
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A novel surgical approach for canine hypophysectomy using computed tomography (CT) and a paramedian technique improved pituitary gland access. However, ultrasonic aspiration left residual cells, impacting hormone secretion in dogs.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • The pituitary gland is a critical endocrine organ.
  • Surgical removal of the pituitary (hypophysectomy) is a complex procedure.
  • Minimally invasive techniques are sought to improve surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess a ventral paramedian surgical approach for canine hypophysectomy.
  • To evaluate pituitary exposure, completeness of removal, and surgical morbidity.
  • To determine the efficacy of ultrasonic aspiration in pituitary tumor removal.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) was used to identify surgical landmarks.
  • A ventral paramedian transoral approach was employed.
  • Ultrasonic aspiration was utilized for pituitary gland removal.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Endocrinologic and pathologic evaluations assessed surgical outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • CT imaging facilitated precise localization of the pituitary gland.
    • A significant decrease in most pituitary hormone secretions was observed post-surgery.
    • Immunohistochemistry revealed residual pituitary cells in the sella turcica despite gross removal.
    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion persisted in some cases.

    Conclusions:

    • The paramedian approach and CT imaging enhance surgical access to the canine pituitary.
    • Ultrasonic aspiration effectively removes visible pituitary tissue but may leave cellular remnants.
    • This technique shows promise for treating pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, even without complete hypophysectomy.