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Structure and function of the type 3 deiodinase gene.
1Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. aehernandez@uh.edu
Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|September 1, 2005
Summary
Type 3 deiodinase (D3) is crucial for mammalian development by inactivating thyroid hormones (TH). Its gene expression and activity are tightly regulated, with many details still needing investigation for full understanding.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Developmental Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate growth, development, and metabolism in vertebrates.
- Intracellular 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentration determines TH action, influenced by enzymes like type 3 deiodinase (D3).
- D3 inactivates TH, converting them to inactive metabolites, and is vital for development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical role of D3 in mammalian development.
- To discuss the regulation of D3 gene (Dio3) expression and activity.
- To identify unresolved questions regarding Dio3 and its associated gene (Dio3os) function.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on D3 function and regulation.
- Analysis of findings from D3-deficient mouse models.
- Examination of genomic imprinting and gene expression patterns.
Main Results:
- D3 activity is high in the pregnant uterus and fetoplacental unit.
- D3 deficiency in mice leads to impaired growth, viability, and fertility.
- Dio3 exhibits preferential paternal allele expression and is linked with Dio3os.
Conclusions:
- D3 plays a critical role in mammalian development.
- Dio3 expression and activity are regulated by hormones, growth factors, and genomic imprinting.
- Further research is needed to fully characterize Dio3 and Dio3os and their regulatory mechanisms.