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Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil
Rafael Morales Chamorro1, Raquel Serrano Blanch, María José Méndez Vidal
1Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain. romancordoba@hotmail.com
Summary
Pseudomembranous colitis can mimic chemotherapy toxicity. Early diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection are crucial in patients experiencing diarrhea after chemotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pseudomembranous colitis is commonly linked to antibiotic use.
- Chemotherapeutic agents, like 5-fluorouracil, can rarely induce this condition.
- Differentiating infection from treatment toxicity is clinically important.
Observation:
- A 54-year-old woman developed pseudomembranous colitis during her first cycle of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
- Clostridium difficile toxin B was identified in her stool samples.
- Prompt antibiotic therapy was initiated.
Findings:
- The patient's presentation mimicked chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
- Early detection of Clostridium difficile infection is possible in this context.
- Antibiotic treatment effectively managed the infection.
Implications:
- Healthcare providers must consider Clostridium difficile infection in patients with post-chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhea.
- Distinguishing infection from treatment side effects is vital for appropriate management.
- Timely diagnosis and intervention can prevent severe complications.