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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
Social support mobilization and deterioration after Mexico's 1999 flood: effects of context, gender, and time
Fran H Norris1, Charlene K Baker, Arthur D Murphy
1Dartmouth Medical School and National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, 215 N. Main St., White River Junction, Vermont 05009, USA. fran.norris@dartmouth.edu
Abstract:
Samples of adults representative of Teziutlán, Puebla, and Villahermosa, Tobasco, were interviewed 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the devastating 1999 flood and mudslides. The interview contained multiple measures of social support that had been normed for Mexico. Comparisons between sample data and population norms suggested minimal mobilization of received support and substantial deterioration of perceived support and social embeddedness. Social support was lowest in Teziutlán, which had experienced mass casualties and displacement, and among women and persons of lower educational attainment. Disparities according to gender, context, and education grew larger as time passed. The results provide compelling evidence that the international health community must be mindful of social as well as psychological functioning when disasters strike the developing world.
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