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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

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MicroRNA biogenesis and function in plants.

Xuemei Chen1

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. xuemei.chen@ucr.edu

FEBS Letters
|September 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through sequence complementarity. Their unique methylation step, HEN1, is crucial for stability and function in development and stress responses.

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline to Accurately and Efficiently Analyze the MicroRNA Transcriptomes in Plants
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression in plants and animals.
  • Plant miRNA biogenesis shares similarities with animals, involving RNAse III-like enzymes and RISC complex formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the unique aspects of plant microRNA biogenesis and function.
  • To highlight the role of specific enzymes and regulatory pathways in plant development.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic prediction of miRNA targets based on sequence complementarity.
  • Experimental validation of predicted miRNA-mRNA interactions.
  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis pathways, including enzymatic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Plant miRNA biogenesis includes a unique methylation step mediated by HEN1, distinct from animal pathways.
  • High sequence complementarity facilitates accurate prediction and validation of plant miRNA targets.
  • Plant miRNAs regulate diverse processes including development, metabolism, and stress responses, notably targeting transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • The HEN1-mediated methylation is a key feature of plant miRNA biogenesis, ensuring stability and function.
  • Plant miRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression, impacting plant form and environmental adaptation.
  • Understanding plant miRNA pathways offers insights into crop improvement and stress resilience.