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Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Rab Proteins01:14

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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pH-responsive vesicles based on a hydrolytically self-cross-linkable copolymer.

Jianzhong Du1, Steven P Armes

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel pH-responsive vesicles using a unique copolymer. These self-assembled, cross-linked vesicles exhibit tunable permeability, offering potential for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive materials are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Vesicles offer versatile platforms for encapsulation and delivery.
  • Controlling vesicle morphology and stability is key for their utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel shape-persistent, pH-responsive vesicles.
  • To investigate the self-assembly and cross-linking behavior of a specific copolymer.
  • To evaluate the pH-sensitivity and potential for functionalization of the prepared vesicles.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-stat-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] (PEO-b-P(DEA-stat-TMSPMA)) copolymer.
  • Hydrolytic cross-linking of vesicle membrane walls.
  • Characterization using 1H NMR, TEM, DLS, and stopped-flow fluorescence.
  • In situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles within vesicle walls.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous formation of stable, shape-persistent vesicles in aqueous solution.
  • Demonstrated pH-responsive permeability of vesicle walls.
  • Successful incorporation of gold nanoparticles into vesicle membranes.
  • PEO chains formed the corona, while P(DEA-stat-TMSPMA) formed pH-sensitive walls.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PEO-b-P(DEA-stat-TMSPMA) copolymer enables the creation of robust, pH-responsive vesicles.
  • The hydrolytic cross-linking strategy effectively stabilizes vesicle morphology.
  • The pH-sensitive permeability and gold nanoparticle decoration highlight potential applications in drug delivery and sensing.