Sinus floor elevation applied tissue-engineered bone. Comparative study between mesenchymal stem cells/platelet-rich...

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Sinus floor elevation is crucial for dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla.
• Tissue engineering approaches using stem cells and growth factors offer alternatives to traditional bone grafting.
• Comparing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM), both combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), is essential for optimizing bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the bone regeneration capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/platelet-rich plasma (PRP) complexes versus particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM)/PRP complexes in rabbit sinus floor elevation models.
• To evaluate the histological and histometric outcomes of these two regenerative strategies at different time points.

Main Methods:

• Bilateral sinus floor elevation was performed in 18 rabbits.
• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from iliac crest marrow and peripheral blood platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were used in one group (MSCs/PRP).
• Particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM) from the iliac crest mixed with PRP constituted the other group (PCBM/PRP).
• Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-transplantation for histological and histometric analysis.

Main Results:

• Both MSCs/PRP and PCBM/PRP groups exhibited new bone formation and neovascularization at 2 and 4 weeks.
• At 8 weeks, significant fatty marrow infiltration was observed in both groups.
• No significant difference in bone volume or augmented height was found between groups at each time point, but significant increases over time were noted within each group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

• The MSCs/PRP complex demonstrates promising potential for bone regeneration in sinus floor elevation procedures.
• While both tested methods facilitate bone formation, MSCs/PRP may offer comparable or superior outcomes to PCBM/PRP for sinus augmentation.
• Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the long-term efficacy and clinical applicability of MSCs/PRP in bone regeneration.