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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
Published on: September 24, 2020
Respiratory agents: irritant gases, riot control agents, incapacitants, and caustics
1Oregon Health & Science University, UHN52, Department of Emergency Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA. wardenc@ohsu.edu
Abstract:
There are many chemical respiratory agents suitable for use by terrorists. They are the oldest chemical agents used and have caused the most casualties throughout the 20th century. Many are available in large quantities for industrial use and are susceptible to potential sabotage. This paper will concentrate on respiratory agents that are readily available and have the potential to cause a large number of casualties and panic. These agents have a lower rate of lethality when compared to other chemical agents but could produce many casualties that may overwhelm the emergency medical system.
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