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Updated: Aug 15, 2026
Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
Published on: February 23, 2024
Effects of cervical headgear and fixed appliances on the space available for maxillary second molars
Leandro M Piva1, Hélio H A Brito, Heloísio R Leite
1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Introduction:
This study examined the effects of cervical headgear and fixed appliances on the space available for the eruption of the maxillary second molars. Cervical headgear was the only intervention until a Class I molar relationship was achieved.
Methods:
Thirty-four patients (18 girls, 16 boys) with Class II molar occlusions, treated without extractions, were included in this study. Five linear and 4 angular cephalometric measurements were made from pretreatment and posttreatment radiographs.
Results:
Treatment prevented the mesial drift of the maxillary first permanent molars and the forward displacement of the maxilla, displaced the pterygomaxillary fissure posteriorly, and uprighted the first permanent molars. In the male group, the only significant changes were molar uprighting and clockwise rotation of the maxilla.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that posterior displacement of the pterygomaxillary fissure by treatment and growth at the maxillary tuberosity compensated for the restricted anterior movement of the maxillary first molars, allowing the second molars to erupt.