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Acute monocytic leukaemia in a cat
1Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
Insights
A feline monocytic leukemia (M5) case presented with lymphadenopathy and severe leucocytosis. Chemotherapy with cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone induced a partial remission, extending survival to 95 days.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Feline leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is a rare and aggressive malignancy.
- Monocytic leukemia (M5) is a specific subtype of AML characterized by the proliferation of monocytic cells.
Observation:
- A three-year-old cat exhibited lymphadenopathy, non-regenerative anemia, and marked leukocytosis (171.3 x 10(9) cells/L).
- Peripheral blood and bone marrow analyses revealed mature and immature monocyte-like cells, confirmed as monocytic by cytochemistry and cell surface phenotype.
Findings:
- The cat was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, subclassified as monocytic leukemia (M5).
- Treatment with cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone effectively reduced blast cell counts in peripheral blood and bone marrow.
Implications:
- This case highlights the successful application of a combination chemotherapy protocol in managing feline monocytic leukemia.
- The partial remission achieved (67 days) and overall survival (95 days) provide valuable data for feline leukemia treatment strategies.
Abstract:
A three-year-old cat with lymphadenopathy, non-regenerative anaemia and marked leucocytosis (171.3 x 10(9) white blood cells/l) was diagnosed with monocytic leukaemia and treated with a combination of anticancer drugs. A number of mature and immature monocyte-like cells were detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow; they proved to be monocytic cells by cytochemical examination and an analysis of their cell surface phenotype, indicating that the cat suffered from acute myeloid leukaemia, subclassified as monocytic leukaemia (M5). Treatment with cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone greatly reduced the number of blast cells in the cat's peripheral blood and bone marrow. The cat was in partial remission for 67 days and survived for 95 days after it was first examined.
