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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac veins with 16-MDCT angiography
Suhny Abbara1, Ricardo C Cury, Koen Nieman
1Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, CIMIT, 100 Charles River Plaza, Ste. 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Objective:
Anatomic mapping of the cardiac veins is important to guide transvenous therapeutic procedures such as biventricular pacing. As an alternative to invasive venography, we studied the feasibility of MDCT of the cardiac venous anatomy.
Conclusion:
Cardiac venous anatomy is variable. MDCT is a noninvasive method that allows detailed imaging of the cardiac venous anatomy, including small cardiac veins and thebesian valves. Therefore, cardiac MDCT may be a valuable tool for guiding procedures that involve the cardiac venous system.
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