Management of grade III giant cell tumors of bones

Surgical treatment of high-grade giant cell tumors (GCT) of bones with an intralesional excision or a wide excision still poses a dilemma between eradicating the tumor and saving the extremity's function. Our study evaluates the possibility of managing high grade GCT with an intralesional curettage combined with adjuvant therapies, instead of a wide excision, to better avoid limb salvage procedures with endoprostheses.

According to the grading system of Campanacci et al., twenty-four patients with grade III giant cell bone tumors were treated between May 1983 and Aug 2001 period. We analyzed the differences in local recurrence rates, functional results, and complications between wide excision and curettage with adjuvant therapy in management of the patients diagnosed with primary lesions after a mean follow-up period of 7.5 years (range: 2.1-20.3 years).

Fourteen patients underwent the curettage procedure with adjuvant therapy and reconstruction with bone grafts. In the curettage group, two patients had local recurrences and three patients had fracture complications. None of the nine patients receiving wide excisions had experienced local recurrence at the time of their most recent follow-up examination. Using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society system to evaluate average function, the results were 25.56 points for the wide excision group and 25.64 points for the curettage group, respectively.

Our results suggest that surgical curettage with various adjuvant modalities might be considered as the first choice for treatment of high-grade GCTs in weight-bearing areas, especially in young patients, to avoid unnecessary endoprosthesis.