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Related Experiment Videos

Poisoning due to pyrethrins.

Alex T Proudfoot1

  • 1National Poisons Information Service (Birmingham Centre), City Hospital, UK.

Toxicological Reviews
|September 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pyrethrins, natural pesticides from chrysanthemum flowers, are generally low in toxicity. While debated, evidence suggests they are unlikely to cause fatal hypersensitivity, with toxicity management being supportive.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Pyrethrins are derived from chrysanthemum flower heads and possess pesticidal properties.
  • They are a complex mixture of six main chemicals, often formulated with piperonyl butoxide to enhance efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, mechanism of action, and toxicity profile of pyrethrins.
  • To evaluate the evidence regarding pyrethrin-induced hypersensitivity and overall toxicity trends.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical data, clinical reports, and epidemiological studies on pyrethrin toxicity.
  • Analysis of pyrethrin absorption, metabolism, and proposed mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Pyrethrins are rapidly metabolized and primarily act on sodium channels, causing nervous system overactivity.

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  • While hypersensitivity is debated, epidemiological data is largely against it. Toxicity reports have decreased, with low acute toxicity generally observed.
  • Ingestion of large amounts can cause convulsions; asthma and dermatitis are reported, alongside corneal erosions from ocular exposure.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pyrethrin toxicity is generally low, with supportive care being the primary management strategy.
    • The risk of fatal hypersensitivity is not strongly supported by epidemiological evidence.
    • Decreasing toxicity reports suggest improved safety or reduced exposure over time.