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Headache after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal analysis
William C Walker1, Ronald T Seel, Glenn Curtiss
1Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0661, USA. wcwalker@mail2.vcu.edu
Objectives:
To measure longitudinally headache (HA) after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine potential association with demographic, injury, and psychologic factors.
Design:
Cohort study.
Setting:
Four Veterans Administration rehabilitation facilities (Minneapolis, Palo Alto, Richmond, Tampa) within the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center.
Participants:
Consecutive patients (military or veteran beneficiaries) with moderate or severe TBI (N=109) who during acute rehabilitation consented to data collection and who completed 6- and 12-month follow-up evaluations.
Interventions:
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures:
HA frequency, location, type, and incapacitation levels measured during prospective neurologic assessments.
Results:
Nearly 38% (41/109) of patients had acute posttraumatic headache (PTHA) symptoms; most often in a frontal location (20/41), most often of daily frequency (31/41), and showing no relation to injury severity, emotional, or demographic variables. Postacutely, PTHA symptom severity declined within the group. Better individual improvement was associated with less anxiety and depression at 6-month follow-up. Almost all subjects (21/22) with PTHA symptoms that persisted into the 6-month follow-up period reported symptoms again at 12-month follow-up.
Conclusions:
PTHA severity in this sample of persons with moderate and severe TBI showed a pattern of improvement that leveled off by 6 months posthospitalization.
