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The mental self.

Hans C Lou1, Markus Nowak, Troels W Kjaer

  • 1Department of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark. hl@ipm.hosp.dk

Progress in Brain Research
|September 28, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Meditation alters brain activity, decreasing executive functions and increasing sensory processing. The precuneus region is crucial for self-referential thought, impacting memory retrieval.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Meditation offers a unique window into volitional control of consciousness.
  • Understanding the neural correlates of consciousness is a key scientific pursuit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of yoga nidra relaxation meditation.
  • To explore the brain networks involved in self-referential processing and episodic retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) to measure brain perfusion during meditation.
  • Principal component analysis (PCA) to identify distinct brain networks.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe the function of the precuneus.

Main Results:

  • Meditation showed decreased perfusion in executive systems (e.g., prefrontal cortex) and increased perfusion in sensory imagery systems (e.g., hippocampus).

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  • A core network involving medial parietal and prefrontal cortices, and striatum, was active during meditation, suggesting dopaminergic regulation.
  • Disruption of the precuneus using TMS impaired self-judgment retrieval more than retrieval of judgments about others.

    • Conclusions:

    • Meditation engages distinct neural networks, modulating executive and sensory processing.
    • The precuneus plays a critical role in self-reference and episodic memory retrieval.