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The effect of external representations on numeric tasks.

Jiajie Zhang1, Hongbin Wang

  • 1School of Health Information Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 77030, USA. Jiajie.Zhang@uth.tmc.edu

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|October 1, 2005
PubMed
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External representations significantly alter numerical task performance. Our study shows parallel comparison instead of holistic comparison, highlighting the impact of how numbers are presented on cognitive processes.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Numerical Cognition
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Previous research on number comparison tasks primarily focused on internal representations.
  • The influence of external representations on numerical cognition has been underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of external representations on numerical tasks.
  • To compare performance on a number comparison task using internal versus external representations.

Main Methods:

  • Modified a standard two-digit number comparison task.
  • Introduced variations in the external presentation of numbers.
  • Analyzed the comparison strategies employed by participants.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Observed a shift from holistic comparison to parallel comparison when external representations were used.
  • Demonstrated that the representational form significantly impacts task outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • External representations lead to different processing strategies in numerical tasks.
  • Numerical cognition theories should incorporate external representations as a key component.
  • External representations should be viewed as distributed representations in numerical tasks.