Enhanced plasma transport due to neutral depletion
A Fruchtman1, G Makrinich, P Chabert
1Sciences Department, Holon Academic Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 58102, Israel.
Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2005
Summary
Increased energy for ionization can unexpectedly decrease plasma density due to enhanced transport caused by neutral depletion. This study reveals complex plasma dynamics and transport coupling.
Area of Science:
- Plasma physics
- Fluid dynamics
- Ionization processes
Background:
- Plasma and neutral gas dynamics are often coupled.
- Neutral depletion significantly impacts plasma properties.
- Understanding transport phenomena is crucial for plasma control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the self-consistent dynamics of plasma and neutral gas under pressure balance.
- To analyze the effects of neutral depletion on plasma parameters.
- To derive analytical relations for electron temperature, ionization rate, and plasma density.
Main Methods:
- Self-consistent solution of plasma and neutral gas dynamics.
- Derivation of analytical relationships.
- Nonlinear analysis of ionization and transport coupling.
Main Results:
- Analytical relations for electron temperature, ionization rate, and plasma density were derived.
- Neutral depletion was shown to enhance plasma transport.
- Increased ionization energy led to nonlinear enhancement of transport processes.
Conclusions:
- Plasma transport enhancement due to neutral depletion can cause unexpected plasma density decrease with increased power.
- The coupling between ionization and transport is inherently nonlinear.
- Findings provide insights into controlling plasma density in various applications.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:29Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding
Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
01:25Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
01:17Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport
Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
01:16Facilitated Diffusion
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
01:14Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters
In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
01:07Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance
Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion, mediated...
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion, mediated...